India is today one of the most exciting markets for foreign tradewith
a large base of import and export centric industries. The Indianmiddle
class whose size exceeds the population of several Europeancountries
put together with a large purchasing power and skilled managerial
and technical manpower provide India with distinct advantages in global
trade.
Until the foreign exchange crisisof 1991 India's import-export policy
had the three objectives ofpreserving employment in import-competing
industries through trade and other barriers, promotion of self-reliance
across all industries especiallyexport led sectors and revenue
raising through foreign trade tariffs.This created an inward looking
economy where all exports were desirableand all imports were to be restricted.
However since 1991, India hasembarked on a programme of economic and
trade liberalisation impactingthe contours of the country's foreign
trade in a very big way. Thisprocess has further been hastened
by the country's active role in GATTand WTO. India has agreed
with these bodies for a structured andgradual dismantling of its
existing foreign trade tariff structurewhich is even now restrictive
with a near free trade scenario by2005.
The results of this new traderegime contrary to alarmist predictions
by some India's forex resourceshave swelled and the country was
one of the very few islands of stability during the recent Asian crisis.
This positive experience has enabled the government to negate
opposition from political and bureaucratic establishments.